We will determine if aerobic exercise (AEx) and/or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are effective in treating symptoms of depression following stroke. This project is based on the idea that depression negatively affects the brain so that it doesn't change in the same way following treatment, the result being less effective recovery. We believe that effective treatment for depression will help improve how the brain in people with depression responds to other types of treatment. That is, effectively treating depression will enable individuals to better recover other forms of function following their stroke.

Individuals with obesity and a history of heart or kidney-related disease will be eligible for participation. Study participants will have a 50:50 chance to be randomly assigned to either the treatment (retatrutide) or control (placebo) group. Retatrutide is currently considered an investigational medication as it has not been approved by the FDA for the treatment of obesity or any other medical condition at this time. Study participation will last approximately 5 years and begin with a screening period to ensure correct patient selection. Research clinic visits will occur every 4 weeks initially and then every 12 weeks. Some visits may be completed virtually through telehealth or by phone. Study procedures include but are not limited to: blood draws, questionnaires, self injection of study medication, medical history review, vital signs, and electrocardiogram. The medication will be injected subcutaneously once a week. The medication's purpose is to facilitate weight loss and decrease a subject's risk for heart or kidney related disease progression or events.

Early evidence suggests the benefits of post-stroke motor rehabilitation may be enhanced by applying electrical stimulation to the ear. This study aims to test the new approach of pairing ear stimulation with motor rehabilitation in the home setting in stroke survivors with upper limb motor function deficits.

Adherence to home exercise is important to achieve upper limb recovery after stroke. However, adherence is typically low. Therefore, a new home exercise program with an Apple Watch and iPhone app was created to improve adherence to upper limb exercises for stroke survivors at home. Participants will come to our lab to experience the new home exercise program. Participants who opt for home use will bring the device home to try the new home exercise program at home. The purpose of this study is for researchers to examine usability and feasibility of participants using the new home exercise program.

VA Principal Investigators plan to gather information about veterans at the VAHCS who are interested in participating in rehabilitation research. Subject information collected will be housed in a centralized Rehabilitation Research Repository. VAHCS investigators may access this repository to quickly identify and recruit individuals who wish to be contacted for current and future VA IRB R&D approved rehabilitation research.

Apathy is a common set of symptoms seen in many people following a stroke. Apathy occurs when a person has lost motivation, becomes withdrawn, and stops doing things that used to be important to them. Apathy has a large negative impact on a person's quality of life, and can also have a large impact the people who take care of individuals with apathy. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments to help with apathy, and other services like therapy may be difficult to access for people who have had a stroke. To address this problem, we are conducting a study to find out if a form of treatment called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can be safe and helpful for people struggling with apathy after a stroke. Our study will apply a new form of rTMS which can be delivered quickly to a part of the brain called the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Our study will help establish whether this treatment is safe, comfortable, and effective for people with apathy after a stroke, and will help researchers develop new forms of treatment.

The purpose of this research study is to determine if an already FDA approved drug called atorvastatin can help adults, age 75 or older, live well for longer by preventing dementia, disability, or heart disease. Participants will be assigned by chance to receive either atorvastatin (study drug) or a matching placebo (a tablet that looks like atorvastatin but does not contain any medicine). Study engagement may last up to five years and involves in clinic and/or remote visits, survey questions, potential blood draws, in addition to memory and physical tests. After the first 1-2 visits performed in clinic or remote, the study team will follow-up via phone on a yearly basis to see how participants are doing. Participants will be compensated for their time and participation in this research study.

The purpose of this research study is to determine if an already FDA approved drug called atorvastatin can help adults, age 75 or older, live well for longer by preventing dementia, disability, or heart disease. Participants will be assigned by chance to receive either atorvastatin (study drug) or a matching placebo (a tablet that looks like atorvastatin but does not contain any medicine). Study engagement may last up to five years and involves in clinic and/or remote visits, survey questions, potential blood draws, in addition to memory and physical tests. After the first 1-2 visits performed in clinic or remote, the study team will follow-up via phone on a yearly basis to see how participants are doing. Participants will be compensated for their time and participation in this research study.

The purpose of this research study is to determine if an already FDA approved drug called atorvastatin can help adults, age 75 or older, live well for longer by preventing dementia, disability, or heart disease. Participants will be assigned by chance to receive either atorvastatin (study drug) or a matching placebo (a tablet that looks like atorvastatin but does not contain any medicine). Study engagement may last up to five years and involves in clinic and/or remote visits, survey questions, potential blood draws, in addition to memory and physical tests. After the first 1-2 visits performed in clinic or remote, the study team will follow-up via phone on a yearly basis to see how participants are doing. Participants will be compensated for their time and participation in this research study.

The purpose of this research study is to determine if an already FDA approved drug called atorvastatin can help adults, age 75 or older, live well for longer by preventing dementia, disability, or heart disease. Participants will be assigned by chance to receive either atorvastatin (study drug) or a matching placebo (a tablet that looks like atorvastatin but does not contain any medicine). Study engagement may last up to five years and involves in clinic and/or remote visits, survey questions, potential blood draws, in addition to memory and physical tests. After the first 1-2 visits performed in clinic or remote, the study team will follow-up via phone on a yearly basis to see how participants are doing. Participants will be compensated for their time and participation in this research study.