Two groups of former athletes (who competed in contact and not-contact sports) will undergo brain and heart assessments. Additionally, blood and urines samples will be collected in order to investigate potential markers of disease.

Neurological diseases are the leading cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to health problems in children and adults. As the majority of these conditions result in lifelong disabilities, the implications for the family and for society is significant.

A significant number of adult and childhood neurological diseases have a genetic component and are caused by changes in our DNA and/or RNA leading to functional changes in the central nervous system. However, for many patients afflicted with these disorders, traditional genetic testing does not identify a clear genetic cause. The goal of this study will be to use newer genetic techniques to evaluate patients and families with neurological disorders to better understand the genetic basis of the disease.

The goal of this pilot study is to determine whether a high-dose form of non-invasive brain stimulation is a promising and safe treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an FDA approved treatment for depression. In studies of TMS for depression and other disorders, individuals have experienced improved cognitive function. Thus, the current study is testing whether TMS is safe, feasible and effective in improving cognition in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Patients with Alzheimer Disease and patients with Heart failure (and a control group free from both the previous mentioned conditions) will be evaluated with cardiac and neuropsychological assessments, in order to investigate the relationship between the two conditions. 8 follow up visits will be repeated yearly, for 8 years.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but more research is needed to identify the potential mechanisms underlying this risk. The present study will use fMRI to examine brain network profiles in mid-life AUD. The goal is to develop techniques to assess risk for Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias. Participation includes cognitive testing and MRI scanning.

Traumatic Brain Injury is a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease and other dementias. This study will use neuroimaging in Veterans and civilians with a history of TBI or without TBI to understand whether some of the brain changes that occur in Alzheimer's Disease are present in people with a history of TBI. The study is recruiting male and female military Veterans or civilians with or without TBI between the ages of 30 and 65.

This study will use neuroimaging to understand how the connections in the brain change in Alzheimer's Disease. Changes will also be examined in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and healthy aging. The goal is to discover which brain changes are present in healthy aging and MCI so that future studies can assess the risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease. The study involves blood draw, cognitive testing, MRI, PET scanning, and a 1-year follow-up visit to repeat cognitive testing and MRI scanning.