Two groups of former athletes (who competed in contact and not-contact sports) will undergo brain and heart assessments. Additionally, blood and urines samples will be collected in order to investigate potential markers of disease.

Patients with Alzheimer Disease and patients with Heart failure (and a control group free from both the previous mentioned conditions) will be evaluated with cardiac and neuropsychological assessments and imaging of both organs, in order to investigate the relationship between the two conditions. The study consists of two initial visits, and a 4- and 8-year follow-up visit.