Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator (PoNS) is non-invasive stimulation device placed on the tongue to stimulate those brain regions understood to be important for maintaining balance. This research study aims to collect evidence that PoNS therapy along with balance training and breathing exercises improves walking stability post-stroke.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method often used to assess connectivity between the brain and specific muscles. This research study is aimed at finding the changes in the manner brain communicates with leg muscles post-stroke and its effects on movement coordination during walking.

In this study researchers aim to improve the collaborative research efforts of the Center for Rehabilitation Research in Neurological Conditions at the Medical University of South Carolina. The Center is comprised of several laboratories, including: the Communication and Swallowing Laboratory; the Locomotor Energetics and Assessment Laboratory; the Locomotor Rehabilitation Laboratory; the Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory; and the Upper Extremity Motor Function Laboratory. The PI and investigators will recruit for their current and future studies in the above laboratories from the Clinical Database established here. Studies utilizing the Clinical Database will not include PHI but will only link to the Clinical Database individual patient code. This study is completed by completing a simple screening form with study personnel. Medical care/treatment future participation in studies is not influenced by inclusion in this study. We are also recruiting Healthy Controls for this study.