The purpose of this study is to develop and test if upper limb task practice and muscle activity training improve upper limb function in stroke survivors. Participants will be asked to come to the laboratory 3 times a week for 6 weeks to receive upper limb task practice and/or muscle activity training. Participants will also come to the laboratory for additional 3 visits for assessments of upper extremity function. The total duration of the study will be 2.5 months.

Over 2400 people who have sickle cell disease and are between the ages of 15 and 45 have been enrolled into the National Registry (SCDIC-I) of patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). A rich resource of natural history data, the SCDIC-I Registry has longitudinal data collected yearly since 2016 from patient surveys (e.g. self reported pain incidences, sleep, barriers to care, experiences during and after pregnancy), medical record abstraction (e.g. medications, transfusion history, co-morbidities) and laboratory results. The 150 patients (or 1200 among the 8 sites) will be selected from both MUSC adult and pediatric SCD clinics starting at 12 years of age; those not previously enrolled in the SCDIC National Registry will be offered the possibility to enroll in SCDIC-II.
We will look at the following:
1- Compare the effect of new SCD medications – crizanlizumab, voxelotor, and L-glutamine – on clinical outcomes in individuals with SCD.
2 - Identify genetic and genomic predictors of response to crizanlizumab, voxelotor, and L-glutamine
3 - Integrate study data into the CureSCi metadata catalog (MDC) to enhance future cross-study analyses.

The study will compare the effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance and endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for the management of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and low-grade dysplasia (LGD).

This project is an extension of the CDC-funded FORWARD (Fragile X Online Registry With Accessible Research Database) study. From its inception in 2010, the goal of the FORWARD study has been to characterize the natural history of fragile X syndrome (FXS). This current extension project is known as FORWARD-MARCH (Multiple Assessments for Research CHaracterization) because it will include multiple assessments to characterize behavioral, adaptive, and cognitive function in greater depth and thereby further improve understanding of the natural history of FXS. FORWARD-MARCH continues the mission of FORWARD to better understand the natural history of FXS in order to improve the lives of children and adolescents with FXS and the lives of their families. FORWARD-MARCH will also better define trajectories of development in FXS that will be useful in understanding the long-term effects of an intervention relative to the natural history of FXS.

FORWARD-MARCH builds upon the foundation of the FORWARD study. The FORWARD study included 24 participating FXS specialty clinics throughout the US that are members of the FXCRC (Fragile X Clinical & Research Consortium). The FORWARD study worked closely with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Fragile X Foundation (NFXF), and other stakeholders in the FXS community. FORWARD-MARCH will also involve a contractor, Chickasaw Nation Industries (CNI), funded through a contract with the CDC. CNI will assist in data collection and management.

Between September 2022 and August 2026, FORWARD-MARCH expects to enroll at least 600 individuals with fragile X syndrome who were born between 2003-2017. The majority of these individuals will already be FORWARD study participants, enabling researchers to conduct longitudinal analyses incorporating previously collected data. Cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive function will be assessed using parent or caregiver-completed surveys and in-person clinical assessments. After completion of data collection, deidentified data will be securely maintained at CDC and will be an important long-term resource for analyses of the natural history of FXS.

Previous phases of the FORWARD study, conducted between 2012 and 2022, have received IRB review and approval by the institutions of each participating clinic. These previous phases of the study did not require review by a CDC IRB, as CDC had no participant contact and did not have access to personal identifying information (PII). The extension of the FORWARD study covered in this protocol (FORWARD-MARCH, 2022-2026) will continue to be reviewed and approved by the institutions of each participating clinic conducting data collection. However, review and approval are also being sought from the CDC IRB because PII will be maintained on CDC servers and because CDC's contractor, CNI, will regularly have access to PII and interact directly with study participants. A reliance agreement allowing CNI to rely on CDC's IRB is being developed and will be executed before data collection is begun. To clarify which aspects of the protocol involve CDC and CNI staff (rather than just clinic staff), sections 3,4 and 5 of this protocol document each end with a subsection that specifically focuses on the role of CDC and CNI staff.

In a 2x2 design, current menthol smokers (N=240) will complete a baseline period before being assigned to a cigarette (menthol or non-menthol) and e-cigarette condition (menthol or tobacco-flavored e-liquid) and receiving a 7-week supply of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The study builds upon our well-established methodology for simulating tobacco regulatory policies. To model a ban, smokers will be instructed to only use their assigned products. Primary outcomes include cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use during Week 6. However, because a menthol ban may impact the ability to abstain from smoking, we will incentivize participants to abstain from smoking during Week 7 (continued e-cigarette use allowed) and assess the time to first lapse. Participants will complete daily electronic diaries assessing tobacco product use throughout, which will be corroborated by biomarkers for menthol, nicotine, and smoke. Finally, to maximize the utility of these data for FDA regulation, we will assess whether any demographic or baseline smoking characteristics moderate the observed treatment effects, calibrate the treatment effects to the US adult menthol smoking population, and model the effects of menthol regulation in cigarettes and e-cigarettes on smoking and vaping-attributable deaths and life-years lost.

In a 2x2 design, current menthol smokers (N=240) will complete a baseline period before being assigned to a cigarette (menthol or non-menthol) and e-cigarette condition (menthol or tobacco-flavored e-liquid) and receiving a 7-week supply of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The study builds upon our well-established methodology for simulating tobacco regulatory policies. To model a ban, smokers will be instructed to only use their assigned products. Primary outcomes include cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use during Week 6. However, because a menthol ban may impact the ability to abstain from smoking, we will incentivize participants to abstain from smoking during Week 7 (continued e-cigarette use allowed) and assess the time to first lapse. Participants will complete daily electronic diaries assessing tobacco product use throughout, which will be corroborated by biomarkers for menthol, nicotine, and smoke. Finally, to maximize the utility of these data for FDA regulation, we will assess whether any demographic or baseline smoking characteristics moderate the observed treatment effects, calibrate the treatment effects to the US adult menthol smoking population, and model the effects of menthol regulation in cigarettes and e-cigarettes on smoking and vaping-attributable deaths and life-years lost.

In a 2x2 design, current menthol smokers (N=240) will complete a baseline period before being assigned to a cigarette (menthol or non-menthol) and e-cigarette condition (menthol or tobacco-flavored e-liquid) and receiving a 7-week supply of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The study builds upon our well-established methodology for simulating tobacco regulatory policies. To model a ban, smokers will be instructed to only use their assigned products. Primary outcomes include cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use during Week 6. However, because a menthol ban may impact the ability to abstain from smoking, we will incentivize participants to abstain from smoking during Week 7 (continued e-cigarette use allowed) and assess the time to first lapse. Participants will complete daily electronic diaries assessing tobacco product use throughout, which will be corroborated by biomarkers for menthol, nicotine, and smoke. Finally, to maximize the utility of these data for FDA regulation, we will assess whether any demographic or baseline smoking characteristics moderate the observed treatment effects, calibrate the treatment effects to the US adult menthol smoking population, and model the effects of menthol regulation in cigarettes and e-cigarettes on smoking and vaping-attributable deaths and life-years lost.

In a 2x2 design, current menthol smokers (N=240) will complete a baseline period before being assigned to a cigarette (menthol or non-menthol) and e-cigarette condition (menthol or tobacco-flavored e-liquid) and receiving a 7-week supply of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The study builds upon our well-established methodology for simulating tobacco regulatory policies. To model a ban, smokers will be instructed to only use their assigned products. Primary outcomes include cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use during Week 6. However, because a menthol ban may impact the ability to abstain from smoking, we will incentivize participants to abstain from smoking during Week 7 (continued e-cigarette use allowed) and assess the time to first lapse. Participants will complete daily electronic diaries assessing tobacco product use throughout, which will be corroborated by biomarkers for menthol, nicotine, and smoke. Finally, to maximize the utility of these data for FDA regulation, we will assess whether any demographic or baseline smoking characteristics moderate the observed treatment effects, calibrate the treatment effects to the US adult menthol smoking population, and model the effects of menthol regulation in cigarettes and e-cigarettes on smoking and vaping-attributable deaths and life-years lost.

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is more commonly seen in individuals post-spinal cord injury (SCI) than in the general population. Depression post-SCI impacts an individual's quality of life and recovery. It has been reported that among people with an SCI, those without depression live longer than those with depression. Thus, depression must be treated appropriately. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an FDA-approved treatment for depression, but dosing is based on a motor response in the thumb. Over half of individuals with SCI have some degree of arm or hand impairment, so these individuals might not be eligible for rTMS, or they may receive the wrong dose. This study proposes a pilot clinical trial in individuals with depression post-SCI to assess the anti-depressant effect of a novel way to dose rTMS that does not require a motor response. By gaining a better understanding of the application of rTMS for depression post-SCI, we aim to advance the rehabilitative care of those with SCI.

This study is for participants who have tricuspid regurgitation, a condition in which your heart's tricuspid valve does not close tightly which causes blood to flow backwards in the incorrect direction. This condition increases the workload on the heart and if left untreated, it can increase the risk of worsening heart failure. In this study, a device called the PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System will be used to treat the tricuspid regurgitation. The PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System is an investigational device meaning it has not been approved for commercial use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this study participants will be randomized, meaning randomly assigned like drawing straws, in a 2:1 fashion to either receive the PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System (treatment group) or optimal medical therapy (OMT) (control group). OMT means your medications will be adjusted as needed to provide the most benefit possible. Participants randomized to the OMT group may be eligible to receive the device after completing 2 years of follow up. Participants not eligible for randomization may be eligible for the registry portion of the study if approved by the sponsor. The registry arm participants will not be randomized but will undergo the procedure to place the device.

Participation in this study will last about 5 years and involve up to 15 visits for those in the treatment or registry group and 11 visit for those in the control group. Study related procedures include a right heart catheterization (test to measure the pressures in the heart), echocardiograms (ultrasound test of heart), electrocardiogram or ECG (test of the heart's electrical system) blood work, questionnaires, hall walk test, and physical exam.