We are recruiting mothers of children with typical development, autism, or fragile X syndrome.

This study focuses on parental experiences and normal individual differences that may influence child language development. The broader goal of the study is to understand which family experiences support language development in children who have neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as autism. We are recruiting families who have children who are typically developing, have autism, or have fragile X syndrome.

Ependymoma is a type of rare childhood cancer that occurs in the brain and spinal cord. Survival statistics are generally disappointing with a 5-year survival of 50-64%. The standard of care for ependymoma is maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy directed at the primary site of disease.

Radiation therapy is associated with immediate and long-term toxicities in children, especially young children. For this reason, it has been the practice of some doctors not to give radiation therapy to children with ependymoma when the tumor has been completely surgically removed. The investigators who designed this study have created strict measures to choose those who will not receive additional treatment after surgery and careful follow-up to minimize the risks to those who are assigned to observation only.

The overall goal of this study is to find out what effects, good and/or bad, a low
dose and a high dose of lenalidomide have on children, adolescents and young
adults with recurrent (has come back after being treated), refractory (has not gone
away with previous treatment), or progressive (is not responding to previous
treatments) Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytomas (JPA) and Optic Pathway Gliomas
(OPG).

The purpose of this study is to create and maintain a registry, which is a database (a searchable collection of information) about children, adolescents and young adults with pediatric onset of rheumatic diseases. This data may help in the evaluation of the safety and benefit of medications that are prescribed to patients who have rheumatic diseases.

This study is for patients that have been diagnosed with High Risk B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (HR B-ALL). The investigational drug in this study is Ruxolitinib. The purpose of this study is to find out if the study drug, ruxolitinib, in combination with standard HR B-ALL treatment is safe and effective in children, adolescents, and young adults with HR B-ALL. Participants can expect to be in this study for the treatment period of approximately 26 months (females) or 38 months (males) plus the post-treatment follow-up. Subjects are considered on study during the post-treatment follow-up period until the subject is deceased, lost to follow-up, or until the study is completed. Subjects in this study will be followed until all enrolled subjects have been followed for 3 years from Day 1 or are deceased or lost to follow-up.

Early intervention for infants and toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder can promote developmental skills and improve lifelong outcomes. Yet, many children with ASD are not diagnosed until after age 3. In order to improve early detection of ASD, we are investigating very early predictors of social communication challenges in infants as young as 1 week to 6 months of age.

This research study examines how the development of attention and motor skills in the first year of life is associated with the emergence of social and communication skills in three groups of infants: infants who are first born or who have a sibling with no developmental delays, infants who have an older sibling diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, and infants who were born preterm.

Human subjects are being recruited for the proposed study to participate in usability testing for a virtual reality technology tool to be refined for assessment and prevention of risky sexual and substance use behaviors. Specifically, 15 adolescents, 15 young men, and 15 front line health care providers will participate in qualitative interviews and focus groups. Targeted enrollment is based on estimates from the existing clinical population treated by the local clinics from which participants will be recruited and the candidate's experience conducting clinical studies at these sites.

Phase 3 sample will include 20 adolescents, 20 young men, and 10 frontline health care workers. They will complete assessments/interviews, a brief emotion regulation skills training, and a simulation using a refined virtual reality tool.

This study is for patients who have been diagnosed with relapsed or refractory CD22+ B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL). The overall goal of this study is to find out what effect, good and/or bad, the drug inotuzumab ozogamicin has on children and young adults with relapsed or refractory B-ALL. Participants can expect to be on this study for up 2 months and followed for up to 5 years.

The Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza Study #2 (PICFLU2) is a multiyear, multicenter prospective observational study in patients aged ≤ 21 years hospitalized in pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) and Stepdown (or intermediate) Care Units (SDUs) in the US designed to evaluate of the immunobiology of influenza virus-related critical illness in young hosts.

The purpose of this research study is to evaluate Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) delivered via telehealth for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disruptive behavior problems. Participants will go through a screening to determine eligibility. Eligible families who choose to participate will complete 3 in-person visits at MUSC and may receive 10 telehealth therapy sessions, at no cost. Families will be compensated for their time.