Newborns who are born premature or suffer brain injury at birth are at risk for motor problems that may cause weakness in reaching and grasping on one side of the body. In older children, therapists may use a hand mitt and restraint for the stronger arm, to encourage use of the weaker side, called constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). Even with the high intensity therapy of CIMT, it typically takes between 40-120 hours total treatment time for most children to improve their motor skills. A non-invasive form of nerve stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), stimulates a nerve by the ear that enhances learning motor skills. taVNS stimulation will be triggered by EMG sensors which detect muscle activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of taVNS to improve motor skills when paired with CIMT in infants with one-sided weakness at 6-18 months of age.

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) is a condition in which infants undergo withdrawal after exposure to opioids in utero. The current standard of care uses oral morphine and/or methadone which can lead to harmful side effects in the infant. We propose a non-drug based, adjunct treatment that stimulates nerves around the ear, and may help reduce withdrawal symptoms while using less morphine.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract. infection (LRTI) among infants and young children, resulting in annual epidemics worldwide. Despite more than 50 years of attempted vaccine development, there are no licensed vaccines. While RSV prevention exists in the form of a specific RSV IgG (palivizumab) requiring 5 once monthly injections, it is licensed only for infants who experience the greatest morbidity and mortality from RSV: preterm infants born ≤ 35 weeks GA, children with chronic lung disease of prematurity, children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. EDP-938 is a novel, orally administered, non-fusion replication inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that is being developed as a potential treatment for RSV infection.

This is a Phase II (determine the safety and response of a drug) study that is looking at how long the contrast agent Gadopiclenol stays in the plasma (part of blood not including red cells) after a single injection during an MRI in children aged up to and including 23 months. Gadopiclenol is an investigational drug, which means that it is not approved by the FDA. This study will be assessing the safety of gadopiclenol for up to 3 months following the administration of gadopiclenol at the MRI, and will evaluate the quality of the images obtained from when gadopiclenol was used at the MRI. Blood samples will be collected three times within the 8 hours following the MRI for analysis of how much gadopiclenol is left in the blood.

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is the most efficacious treatment for children with hemiparesis from a perinatal arterial stroke but instead, weekly low-dose OT and/or PT is typical. The aims of this study are to compare 2 high doses of treatment to usual care in helping infants improve skills on the hemiplegic hand/arm and to improve bimanual activities. In addition, the association with gross motor, language and cognition will be explored.

Newborns who are born premature or suffer brain injury at birth are at risk for motor problems that may cause weakness in reaching and grasping on one side of the body. In older children, therapists may use a hand mitt and restraint for the stronger arm, to encourage use of the weaker side, called constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). Even with the high intensity therapy of CIMT, it typically takes between 40-120 hours total treatment time for most children to improve their motor skills. A non-invasive form of nerve stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), stimulates a nerve by the ear that enhances learning motor skills. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of taVNS to improve motor skills when paired with CIMT in infants with one-sided weakness at 6-18months of age.

Babies that are born extremely prematurely are at higher risk of developing a serious inflammatory condition, called necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), that damages parts of the intestines. It is the most common cause of illness of the intestinal tract in premature infants in the first few weeks of life. It is a very serious condition that can lead to death in up to half of affected infants.The main purpose of this study is to see if IBP-9414 ( a probiotic) can prevent NEC and if it is safe and tolerable.

IBP-9414 (Lactobacillus reuteri) is a live bacterial therapy given to infant's through a feeding tube or it is given by mouth once daily starting at or before 48 hours of life. IBP-9414 will be given daily until the infant reaches 34 weeks + 6 days Post-Menstrual Age (PMA) (the the baby's gestational age at birth plus the postnatal days of life), or until treatment is permanently discontinued if earlier.

This study is for children age 0-2 who have been diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). In this study, participants will be randomized (select by chance) into groups that will decide the dose of chemotherapy they will receive, receive chemotherapy prior to a blood stem cell transplant, and have blood drawn for research tests. The purpose of this research study is to find out if lower doses of a chemotherapy drug called busulfan before stem cell transplant can help patients with SCID, and to see if the device the CliniMACS® is effective in preparing donor stem cells before the transplant. Participants can expect to be in this study for up to 3 years.

Early intervention for infants and toddlers with or at-risk for autism spectrum disorder can promote developmental skills and improve lifelong outcomes. Yet, many children with ASD are not diagnosed until after age 3. In order to improve early detection of ASD, we are investigating very early predictors of social communication challenges in infants as young as 1 week to 6 months of age.

This research study examines how the development of attention and motor skills in the first year of life is associated with the emergence of social and communication skills in three groups of infants: infants who are first born or who have a sibling with no developmental delays, infants who have an older sibling diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, and infants who were born preterm.

Transforming health care and outcomes for children with rare diseases is difficult within the current health care system. There is great variation in care delivery, inadequate and slow application of existing evidence, and ineffective use of available data to generate new knowledge. Individual care centers have inadequate numbers of patients for robust learning and improvement. In order to redesign the system, changes must take place at multiple levels, including the patient and family, clinician, practice and the network. The purpose of this project is to design, develop, and test further refinements to an improvement and research network focused on HLHS, the most severe congenital heart defect, and to use a registry to simultaneously improve clinical care, redesign care delivery systems and to conduct quality improvement, health services, outcomes, and comparative effectiveness research. The purpose of this initiative, specifically, is to improve care and outcomes for infants with HLHS by: 1) expanding the established NPC-QIC national registry to gather clinical care process, outcome, and developmental data on infants with HLHS between diagnosis and 12 months of age, 2) improving implementation of consensus standards, tested by teams, into everyday practice across pediatric cardiology centers, and 3) engaging parents as partners in improving care and outcomes. We utilize a quality improvement methodology, known as the adapted learning collaborative model, which expedites the implementation of tools and strategies that facilitate changes such as systematic care coordination, cardiovascular monitoring, and nutritional monitoring into every day practice. The NPC-QIC registry is used to document the impact of these changes on various care processes and outcomes (e.g., mortality rate, readmissions, and weight gain).