This study is to understand HIV-infected cocaine users have poor immunity after anti-HIV treatment, but HIV-infected cannabis users are likely different. Cocaine use always is associated high inflammation and cannabis use is associated with low inflammation. We study how inflammation cannot be controlled in cocaine users; our goal is to develop new therapies to help cocaine users to have a better health and immunity.

This study is for adults with HIV who are currently being treated with Biktarvy® (bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide [B/F/TAF]). The purpose of the research is to compare the effectiveness of B/F/TAF and the investigational once-daily medication Bictegravir/Lenacapavir (BIC/LEN). Participants will either continue taking B/F/TAF or switch to BIC/LEN for at least 48 weeks. The study will also look at the long-term effectiveness of BIC/LEN. Participants will be given the option of participating in an open-label phase of the study (where both the provider and participant know which drug they are on) where all participants receive BIC/LEN.

This is a cross-sectional survey in persons with HIV infection to evaluate experiences of historical oral therapy use and how their perceptions on treatment may have changed with the availability of injectable long-acting therapy. In
addition to surveys, a corresponding retrospective medical chart review will be conducted for each participant.

HIV infected cocaine users have uncontrolled viral levels and impaired immunity to control infection compared to HIV infected non-drug users. We ask the questions why cocaine use makes HIV infected cocaine users more sick than other patients. The goal is to improve immunity to control HIV infection in cocaine users. Both uninfected cocaine users and HIV-infected cocaine users are especially needed in this study.

The primary objective of this study is to determine how bictegravir (BIC) plus lenacapvir (LEN) in two different doses affects an HIV-1 infection in the body compared with current standard treatment regimens. Other objectives are to determine which of these treatments are the most effective for treating HIV-1 infection, the safety and tolerability of these two doses for people with HIV, as well as how long it stays in the body using physical exams, laboratory tests, ECG, blood analysis, and any symptoms or problems experienced during the study.

This study will examine how marijuana use can affect oral bacteria and brain health in people with HIV and without HIV. Early studies show that marijuana users have more oral bacteria than non-marijuana users. The increase in bacteria is believed to affect brain health. Participation in the study will be one visit. The visit will take approximately 120 minutes.

This proposed project is to investigate the role of cocaine use in B cell dysfunctions and poor immune recovery from antiretroviral therapy in HIV.

This study is to find the causes of treatment failure in some HIV patients. Thus, HIV-infected patients under antiretroviral treatment and uninfected healthy controls will be recruited in this study to donate blood, urine, saliva, and nasal swab. Compensation will be paid for you to participate in this study.

Human subjects are being recruited for the proposed study to participate in usability testing for a virtual reality technology tool to be refined for assessment and prevention of risky sexual and substance use behaviors. Specifically, 15 adolescents, 15 young men, and 15 front line health care providers will participate in qualitative interviews and focus groups. Targeted enrollment is based on estimates from the existing clinical population treated by the local clinics from which participants will be recruited and the candidate's experience conducting clinical studies at these sites.