Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be an effective therapy for stroke recovery patients. However, the extent to which patients show improvements with tDCS is highly variable. This variability may arise due to the differences of stroke location in the brain and because of differences in brain damage, all of which may differ between patients. If the relationship between these factors and tDCS efficacy were known, recovery from stroke using tDCS might become more predictable. Our overall objective is to understand potential measures of tDCS efficacy that may someday allow for optimization of clinical outcomes and patient care.

This study is for subjects that have metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). Metastatic means your cancer has spread outside the area where it started and has spread to distant parts or organs of the body. This study is testing an "investigational" (not yet Food and Drug Administration, FDA, approved drug) study drug called sacituzumab govitecan. Sacituzumab govitecan is given intravenously, through IV. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate treatment with sacituzumab govitecan alone and in combination with other treatments namely cisplatin, avelumab and pembrolizumab improves tumor shrinkage. They are antibodies made in a laboratory that blocks signals that the cancer sends to quiet your immune system. By blocking that signal your immune system can see the cancer as foreign and fight it. The subject may remain in the study for 18 months. They may receive additional treatment beyond 18 months if they are tolerating and showing benefit form the treatment.

The PK Papyrus Covered Coronary Stent System is a Humanitarian Use device (HUD) approved for the use of acute perforation in native coronary vessels or coronary bypass grafts in vessels 2.4-5.0mm in diameter. In an emergency situation, PK Papyrus may be used emergently outside its' approved indications if a patient has a life threatening condition that needs immediate treatment and no generally acceptable alternative treatment for the condition exists.

Learning new words is challenging for all toddlers, and it may be particularly challenging for toddlers who are late talkers. In this study, we ask whether late talkers use the same cues to figure out the meanings of new words as do their typically developing peers. Toddlers ages 2.0-2.5 will watch videos of people doing new actions and hear made-up words. An eye-tracking device will capture their face and their gaze patterns, and we will use this data to determine how they are making sense of the new words they are hearing. Results will provide insights into how toddlers learn new words and whether this process relates to toddlers' current language abilities.

The purpose of this research study is to gain patient feedback around their Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) diagnosis, including symptoms and quality of life with different NET treatments, factors that influence the order of treatments given, and how the order of NET treatments affect patient's quality of life, symptoms and survival. The main eligibility criteria for this study are being 18 or older and receiving the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor on or after January 1st, 2019. Participation will last about 18 months, involving the completion of four electronic or paper surveys spaced six months apart. The first survey will take about 40 minutes to complete, while the other three surveys may take about 20 minutes each to complete. Participants will be compensated for their time and participation in this research study.

In this research study, healthy participants will receive ear stimulation during brain imaging. Ear stimulation will involve the study team applying small electrodes to the outer part of your left ear and administering small amounts of electrical stimulation that may cause you to feel a "tickling" sensation on your ear. Participants will receive four, 8-min ear stimulation sessions in the scanner, and the order of the sessions is randomly assigned to you.

Knowledge gained from this study will help us better understand how stimulation of nerves in your ear turns on different parts of the brain.

This study is for participants who have tricuspid regurgitation, a condition in which your heart's tricuspid valve does not close tightly which causes blood to flow backwards in the incorrect direction. This condition increases the workload on the heart and if left untreated, it can increase the risk of worsening heart failure. In this study, a device called the PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System will be used to treat the tricuspid regurgitation. The PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System is an investigational device meaning it has not been approved for commercial use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this study participants will be randomized, meaning randomly assigned like drawing straws, in a 2:1 fashion to either receive the PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System (treatment group) or optimal medical therapy (OMT) (control group). OMT means your medications will be adjusted as needed to provide the most benefit possible. Participants randomized to the OMT group may be eligible to receive the device after completing 2 years of follow up. Participants not eligible for randomization may be eligible for the registry portion of the study if approved by the sponsor. The registry arm participants will not be randomized but will undergo the procedure to place the device.

Participation in this study will last about 5 years and involve up to 15 visits for those in the treatment or registry group and 11 visit for those in the control group. Study related procedures include a right heart catheterization (test to measure the pressures in the heart), echocardiograms (ultrasound test of heart), electrocardiogram or ECG (test of the heart's electrical system) blood work, questionnaires, hall walk test, and physical exam.

In a 2x2 design, current menthol smokers (N=240) will complete a baseline period before being assigned to a cigarette (menthol or non-menthol) and e-cigarette condition (menthol or tobacco-flavored e-liquid) and receiving a 7-week supply of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The study builds upon our well-established methodology for simulating tobacco regulatory policies. To model a ban, smokers will be instructed to only use their assigned products. Primary outcomes include cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use during Week 6. However, because a menthol ban may impact the ability to abstain from smoking, we will incentivize participants to abstain from smoking during Week 7 (continued e-cigarette use allowed) and assess the time to first lapse. Participants will complete daily electronic diaries assessing tobacco product use throughout, which will be corroborated by biomarkers for menthol, nicotine, and smoke. Finally, to maximize the utility of these data for FDA regulation, we will assess whether any demographic or baseline smoking characteristics moderate the observed treatment effects, calibrate the treatment effects to the US adult menthol smoking population, and model the effects of menthol regulation in cigarettes and e-cigarettes on smoking and vaping-attributable deaths and life-years lost.

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is more commonly seen in individuals post-spinal cord injury (SCI) than in the general population. Depression post-SCI impacts an individual's quality of life and recovery. It has been reported that among people with an SCI, those without depression live longer than those with depression. Thus, depression must be treated appropriately. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an FDA-approved treatment for depression, but dosing is based on a motor response in the thumb. Over half of individuals with SCI have some degree of arm or hand impairment, so these individuals might not be eligible for rTMS, or they may receive the wrong dose. This study proposes a pilot clinical trial in individuals with depression post-SCI to assess the anti-depressant effect of a novel way to dose rTMS that does not require a motor response. By gaining a better understanding of the application of rTMS for depression post-SCI, we aim to advance the rehabilitative care of those with SCI.

In a 2x2 design, current menthol smokers (N=240) will complete a baseline period before being assigned to a cigarette (menthol or non-menthol) and e-cigarette condition (menthol or tobacco-flavored e-liquid) and receiving a 7-week supply of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The study builds upon our well-established methodology for simulating tobacco regulatory policies. To model a ban, smokers will be instructed to only use their assigned products. Primary outcomes include cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use during Week 6. However, because a menthol ban may impact the ability to abstain from smoking, we will incentivize participants to abstain from smoking during Week 7 (continued e-cigarette use allowed) and assess the time to first lapse. Participants will complete daily electronic diaries assessing tobacco product use throughout, which will be corroborated by biomarkers for menthol, nicotine, and smoke. Finally, to maximize the utility of these data for FDA regulation, we will assess whether any demographic or baseline smoking characteristics moderate the observed treatment effects, calibrate the treatment effects to the US adult menthol smoking population, and model the effects of menthol regulation in cigarettes and e-cigarettes on smoking and vaping-attributable deaths and life-years lost.