This study is for patients that have been diagnosed with prostate cancer. The purpose of this study is to directly compare photon (X-ray) therapy and proton therapy to determine which one has better disease control and fewer patient-reported and physician-reported side effects. Participants can expect to be in this study for a minimum of 3 years and up to 10 years, depending on funding.

This is a phase II study that will look at the safety and effectiveness of the investigational drug opaganib in participants with metastatic prostate cancer. The study drug, opaganib has been studied in a clinical trial to find a safe dose level. The results of this clinical trial and other lab studies have indicated that opaganib may be effective at slowing tumor growth. Patients will be eligible to participate in this study if they have prostate cancer that has progressed (gotten worse) on their current therapy of either abiraterone or enzalutamide. Participants will received either 250mg or 500mg of opaganib by mouth twice a day. Patients will continue on study drug until the development of progressive disease, intolerable toxicity, withdrawal of patient consent or other event as outlined in patient discontinuation.

This study is for patients with bladder cancer. The purpose is to compare the effects, good and/or bad, of chemotherapy and radiation therapy with or without the use of atezolizumab,

This study is for patients with an advanced rare genitourinary cancer. The purpose is to test the good and bad effects of the drugs called cabozantinib, nivolumab and ipilimumab, when given in combination.

This study is for patients with invasive bladder cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine if a certain group of patients can avoid standard surgery called a radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection based on whether their tumor has a certain genetic marker and the stage of their cancer after finishing chemotherapy.

The purpose of this study is to determine at what dose the study drug (ASP1948) is safe and tolerated and how it is processed in the blood of patients with tumors that cannot be removed (unresectable) or has spread (metastasized) to a different part of the body. When the safe dose is identified, it will be used to evaluate if the study treatment causes tumors to shrink in patients.The screening period for this study can take up to 28 days. The treatment period consists of up to 48 weeks of initial treatment, followed by up to 45 weeks of follow up. If you quality and are willing to continue in the re-treatment period (receiving the study drug again), you will be in the study for an additional 48 weeks.

This study is for men who have prostate cancer. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects, good and/or bad, of adding either prostate removal surgery or radiation therapy of the prostate to standard systemic therapy (SST), which is used to treat prostate cancer.

This study is for patients with metastatic prostate cancer receiving radium-223 as their standard of care therapy. The researchers will collect blood and urine samples from patients before, during and after the radium-223 therapy. The researchers will compare these samples to observe how the treatment has affected different cancer markers.

The overall goal of this study is to identify a safe dose of the metabolic supplement, Chitosan that can help reduce AGE (advanced glycation endproducts) levels in patients with prostate cancer. Chitosan is a naturally occurring substance found in shellfish. This study will be using Chitosan prepared from the shells of cold-water shrimp. Chitosan is approved by the FDA for use in wound dressings and has been used in published clinical trials for weight loss but is not approved for the purposes of this study. AGEs are a type of metabolite, or substance, found in food and produced in the body. The researchers helping conduct this study have found a potential link between AGE levels and cancer. Participation in this study will require three study visits over the course of about 3 months. During these visits subjects will be asked to provide blood and stool samples as well as complete surveys about their quality of life.

This study is for patients with prostate cancer that has a risk of getting worse. The purpose of this study is to compare any good and bad effects of using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), a technique that gives treatment in a shorter amount of time compared to the usual radiation therapy.