This is a smoking cessation treatment study. Patients who have a cancer or a suspected cancer who will undergo surgical removal of their cancer are eligible to participate in this study. A novel smoking cessation treatment will be provided to half of the participants in the study. All study participants will receive standard smoking cessation therapy including counseling and the nicotine patch.

Subjects in the first group will be enrolled in the GM-CSF for Reversal of Immunoparalysis in Pediatric Sepsis-induced MODS (GRACE-2) trial, comparing GM-CSF versus placebo. Subjects in the second group will be an observational cohort with no intervention, because this group has very low mortality and morbidity. Subjects in the third group will be enrolled in the Targeted Reversal of Inflammation in Pediatric Sepsis-induced MODS (TRIPS) trial, comparing anakinra and placebo. The fourth group, with very severe inflammation,
will be an observational cohort because clinical management of the inflammation
is standard of care, and there is no equipoise about enrolling these children in a placebo controlled trial. The primary outcome of both trials will be duration and severity of organ dysfunction using the cumulative PELOD-2 score, and secondary outcomes will assess health related quality of life and family functioning at 3 and 12 months.

This research study aims to learn more about children and adolescents who have a shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infection. E. coli is a type of bacteria found in the intestines. Although most types of E. coli are harmless, some produce toxins that can make children sick. This study will assess what type of treatment is best for this infection.

For patients in cancer care, quitting smoking is critical, but a significant portion of patients in cancer care refuse all components of tobacco treatment, even when offered proactively and free of charge. The proposed clinical trial will assess one harm reduction intervention, switching completely from cigarettes to e-cigarettes, among oncology outpatients who smoke and refuse traditional tobacco treatment.

While cigarette smoking is detrimental to health and a known risk factor for cancer, e-cigarettes are thought to be less harmful but not entirely risk-free, and less is known about e-cigarette use and changes to health. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate changes in health that may occur when people stop using e-cigarettes. Participants who use e-cigarettes (and who never smoked, smoked in the past, or currently smoke) will be recruited to participate in a laboratory session followed by a week of abstaining from any nicotine use. Throughout the study, participants will provide biological samples for analysis of DNA damage, immune functioning, inflammation, and respiratory functioning at the MUSC Charleston campus. Results will provide insight into the health benefits of quitting vaping.

This is a smoking cessation study which is examining varenicline for use in reducing or quitting e-cigarettes. Half of the participants will receive a placebo pill and half will receive varenicline. All participants will be asked to complete daily, brief REDCap EMA diaries (to report e-cigarette use, other tobacco use, and record videos of medication taking) and attend research visits every 3 weeks (i.e., weeks 3, 6, 9, 12) to complete additional assessments and receive compensation for doing so.

This is a smoking cessation study which is examining varenicline for use in reducing or quitting e-cigarettes. Half of the participants will receive a placebo pill and half will receive varenicline. All participants will be asked to complete daily, brief REDCap EMA diaries (to report e-cigarette use, other tobacco use, and record videos of medication taking) and attend research visits every 3 weeks (i.e., weeks 3, 6, 9, 12) to complete additional assessments and receive compensation for doing so.

This is a smoking cessation study which is examining varenicline for use in reducing or quitting e-cigarettes. Half of the participants will receive a placebo pill and half will receive varenicline. All participants will be asked to complete daily, brief REDCap EMA diaries (to report e-cigarette use, other tobacco use, and record videos of medication taking) and attend research visits every 3 weeks (i.e., weeks 3, 6, 9, 12) to complete additional assessments and receive compensation for doing so.

This is a smoking cessation study which is examining varenicline for use in reducing or quitting e-cigarettes. Half of the participants will receive a placebo pill and half will receive varenicline. All participants will be asked to complete daily, brief REDCap EMA diaries (to report e-cigarette use, other tobacco use, and record videos of medication taking) and attend research visits every 3 weeks (i.e., weeks 3, 6, 9, 12) to complete additional assessments and receive compensation for doing so.