This study is for participants that have been diagnosed with small cell lung cancer, that has spread to the brain. The purpose of this study is to see if high dose radiation therapy delivered only to the small areas of brain cancer and avoiding the surrounding normal brain tissue, called stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), decrease side effects related to memory and thinking compared to radiation to the entire brain, called, whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) that avoids the hippocampus but treats all of the brain tissue along with a drug that helps preserve memory and thinking called memantine. Participants can expect to be on this study for up to 6 months, depending on what treatment they receive (SRS alone or HA-WBRT with memantine). Participants will then be followed every 2 to 3 months for at least 1 year after study completion and then every 6 months for their lifetime or until disease progression.

This study is for patients with rare Central Nervous (brain or spine) tumors. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the experimental drug, nivolumab can shrink tumors in patients with rare Central Nervous System (brain or spine) tumors or increase the time it takes for these tumors to grow or spread throughout the body.

This study is for participants that have been diagnosed with a high-risk neuroblastoma that cannot be treated or did not improve with existing therapies, or the cancer came back after treatment with existing therapies. This study involves investigational drugs called 64Cu-SARTATE and 67Cu-SARTATE. The investigational drugs will be given as an IV injection. The study is divided into 2 parts: The Dose Escalation Phase and the Cohort Expansion Phase. The phase that participants will enroll to will depend on when they enter the study. The age range for participants is from 12 months to 25 years. Participants can expect to be in this study for approximately 14 months.

This trial is for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients who, after surgery or biopsy, are good candidates for radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) treatments. The purpose of this study is to see how safe and how well a medical device called Optune works together with the other standard of care treatments for GBM (RT and TMZ). Optune is a device that uses Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) which are low intensity electric fields that interfere with the division process of cancer cells. Optune has been approved for the treatment of recurrent and newly diagnosed GBM by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. Participants in this study will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:
-The Experimental Group: TTFields using the Optune system upfront with RT and TMZ followed by the use of Optune and TMZ
-The Control Group: Beginning treatment of RT and TMZ, followed by the use of Optune and TMZ
Patients will have clinic visits every 4 weeks and continue on TTFields for 24 months until their disease gets worse or they or their doctor decided to stop treatment.

This study is for patients with brain cancer. This study is being done to see if by using stereotactic radiosurgery can reduce symptoms and lower the chance of the cancer growing compared to the ususal radiotherapy.

This study is for pediatric patients who have been diagnosed with Brain Tumors. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of a home-based, computerized cognitive training program for patients with pediatric brain tumors who are undergoing cranial radiation therapy (CRT). Participants can expect to receive treatment on this study for about 5 to 9 weeks. Participants will complete additional testing sessions about 6 months after completing the cognitive training program.

This study is for patients who have been diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma. The purpose of this study is to learn if the treatment you received for your high-risk neuroblastoma has affected your health overtime. Participants can expect to be in this study for up to 12 weeks.

Subjects are being asked to volunteer for a research study because they have their first anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) tumor progression (worsening) or recurrence.

The purpose of this study is to measure how well and how safe eflornithine is in combination with lomustine, compared to lomustine taken alone, in treating patients whose anaplastic astrocytoma has come back after radiation and chemotherapy. Eflornithine is an experimental drug that the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved it for use by the general public. Lomustine has been approved by the FDA in the United States for this patient population.