Youth participation in healthcare is becoming more prevalent, and outcomes are improved when youth have a voice in decisions. Little is known about how much adolescents participate in decision-making about vaccinations including "optional" vaccines or those not required for school attendance. This is a survey to evaluate the extent to which adolescents were involved in the decision to be vaccinated for 4 common vaccines: FLU (influenza), COVID (SARS-CoV-2 virus), MEN (meningococcemia), and HPV (Human Papilloma Virus).

This study is seeking to assess two known risk factors of drowning, swimming ability and water safety knowledge, in parents of children and adolescents presenting to the pediatric emergency department using questionnaires.

By collecting this data, we hope to highlight factors that contribute to disparities in drowning rates in minority racial and ethnic groups and to aid local and federal governments in developing programs that effectively combat the number one cause of unintentional injury-associated death in children ages 1-4 years. This will also provide data that may help guide pediatricians in effective anticipatory guidance for families regarding water safety. All in the effort to minimize disparities in medicine and provide more equitable care to the patients that we see.